Topic hubs

Each hub gives you the lie of the land, a learning path through the relevant lessons, reference tables, and the latest news and papers on that subject.

Machine learning foundations

Paradigms, bias and variance, loss functions, optimisation, evaluation

Data, features and pipelines

Collection, labelling, cleaning, features, leakage, splits and versioning

Classical machine learning

Linear models, trees, boosting, SVMs, k-NN, clustering and PCA

Deep learning

Backprop, initialisation, normalisation, regularisation, optimisers, schedules

Transformers and large language models

Attention, tokenisation, pretraining, scaling laws, decoding, context windows

Fine-tuning and alignment

SFT, LoRA and QLoRA, RLHF, DPO, instruction data and evaluating alignment

Prompting, tool use and agents

Prompts, structured output, tool calling, agent loops, MCP and evaluation

Retrieval and RAG

Embeddings, vector indexes, chunking, hybrid search, rerankers and evaluation

Computer vision

CNNs, vision transformers, detection, segmentation, image diffusion, video

Speech and audio

Speech recognition, text to speech, audio embeddings and streaming inference

Generative models

VAEs, GANs, diffusion, flow matching and autoregressive models compared

Reinforcement learning

MDPs, policy gradients, PPO, offline RL and RL for language models

Evaluation and benchmarks

Metrics, held-out sets, contamination, LLM judges, human eval and A/B tests

MLOps and deployment

Serving, batching, inference quantisation, monitoring, drift, CI and registries

Hardware and acceleration

GPUs, TPUs, Apple Silicon, NPUs, FPGAs, bandwidth, mixed precision and kernels

Efficient ML

Quantisation, pruning, distillation, sparsity, small models, on-device

Safety, security and privacy

Prompt injection, jailbreaks, poisoning, extraction, privacy with guarantees

Interpretability

Probing, attribution, sparse autoencoders, mechanistic methods and limits

Open-source ML ecosystem

PyTorch, JAX, Hugging Face, vLLM, llama.cpp, Ollama, open weights and licences

Careers and industry

Roles, skills, interviews, portfolios, the market and regulation at a high level